The generation of burden-of-disease (BOD) data has been driven by a desire to inform policy making and priority setting. This chapter examines the uses of BOD data for priority setting. The authors first introduce the most relevant BOD metrics and describe how these have been linked to priority setting. They next discuss the problems with using BOD data to directly guide priorities. They stress that BOD data are about problems, while priority setting is about solutions, and describe how priority setting based on BOD fails to capture cost-effectiveness and fairness in the distribution of benefits. Against this background, the authors argue that BOD can play many important roles in priority setting, but that these are all indirect. They outline multiple indirect roles, with illustrations from a recent priority setting proposal in Norway. They conclude with general recommendations for how BOD-related data can be made more useful for priority setting.