Benefit from retrieval practice is linked to temporal and frontal activity in healthy young and older humans

Author:

Guran Catherine-Noémie Alexandrina12ORCID,Deuker Lorena3ORCID,Göttlich Martin45ORCID,Axmacher Nikolai3ORCID,Bunzeck Nico15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology I, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 9a, Lübeck 23562, Germany

2. Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16, Vienna 1010, Austria

3. Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany

4. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck 23538, Germany

5. Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck 23562, Germany

Abstract

Abstract Retrieval practice improves retention of information in long-term memory more than restudy, but the underlying neural mechanisms of this “retrieval practice effect” (RPE) remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the behavioral and neural differences between previously retrieved versus restudied items at final retrieval. Thirty younger (20–30 years old) and twenty-five older (50+ years old) adults learned familiar and new picture stimuli either through retrieval or restudy. At final recognition, hemodynamic activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behaviorally, younger and older adults showed similar benefits of retrieval practice, with higher recollection, but unchanged familiarity rates. In a univariate analysis of the fMRI data, activation in medial prefrontal cortex and left temporal regions correlated with an individual’s amount of behavioral benefit from retrieval practice, irrespective of age. Compatible with this observation, in a multivariate representational similarity analysis (RSA), retrieval practice led to an increase in pattern similarity for retested items in a priori defined regions of interest, including the medial temporal lobe, as well as prefrontal and parietal cortex. Our findings demonstrate that retrieval practice leads to enhanced long-term memories in younger and older adults alike, and this effect may be driven by fast consolidation processes.

Funder

University of Lübeck

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Medicine

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