Non-daily Cigarette Smoking: Stability and Transition to Abstinence in Young Adults

Author:

Doran Neal12ORCID,Myers Mark12ORCID,Luczak Susan3ORCID,Trim Ryan12ORCID,Strong David4ORCID,Tully Lyric1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA

2. VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA , USA

3. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA

4. School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA

Abstract

Abstract Introduction There is increasing recognition that non-daily cigarette smoking is common in early adulthood but less is known about its stability over time, or what influences transitions to heavier or nonsmoking. We examined the stability of non-daily smoking in a sample of young adults, and tested whether social and cognitive factors predicted transitions to other smoking patterns over time. Aims and Methods Participants were 579 young adults (18–24 years old at enrollment, 52% male) who were non-daily and never-daily cigarette smokers and California residents. Participants completed 13 waves of assessment over 3 years. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate the frequency of consistent abstinence, defined as no cigarette use at two consecutive waves and no cigarette use at any subsequent waves. Cox and logistic regression were used to test predictors of consistent abstinence. Results We found that 55% of participants smoked intermittently throughout the study, while 43% were consistently abstinent by the end of the study; few transitioned to daily smoking. Stopping smoking was associated with having fewer smoking friends, smoking less in social situations, having lower positive reinforcement expectancies for smoking, and having stronger intent to quit. Post hoc analyses indicated those who stopped smoking tended to report reductions in positive reinforcement expectancies and increased intent to quit in the 6 months before stopping. Conclusions Findings suggest a substantial minority of young adult non-daily smokers may stop on their own, but that the majority continue smoking and may require intervention. Interventions for this population should address social motives and reinforcement expectancies. Implications The majority of young adults who are non-daily cigarette smokers appear to maintain this habit over an extended period and may require intervention. Interventions that focus on reducing expectancies for positive effects of and social motives for cigarette use and on increasing intent to quit smoking may be most effective.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Reference53 articles.

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4. Youth or young adults: which group is at highest risk for tobacco use onset?;Perry;J Adolesc Health,2018

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