Sex-based analysis of NSTEMI processes of care and outcomes by hospital: a nationwide cohort study

Abstract

Abstract Background Contemporary studies demonstrate that non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) processes of care vary according to sex. Little is known regarding variation in practice between geographical areas and centres. Methods We identified 305 014 NSTEMI admissions in the United Kingdom (UK) Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP), 2010–17, including female sex (110 209). Hierarchical, multivariate logistic regression models were fitted, assessing for differences in primary outcomes according to sex. Risk-standardized mortality rates (RSMR) were calculated for individual hospitals to illustrate the correlation with variables of interest. ‘Heat maps’ were plotted to show regional and sex-based variation in the opportunity-based quality indicator score (surrogate for optimal processes of care). Results Women presented older (77 years vs. 69 years, P < 0.001) and were more often Caucasian (93% vs. 91%, P < 0.001). Women were less frequently managed with an invasive coronary angiogram (58% vs. 75%, P < 0.001) or percutaneous coronary intervention (35% vs. 49%, P < 0.001). In our hospital-clustered analysis, we show a positive correlation between the RSMR and the increasing proportion of women treated for NSTEMI (R2 = 0.17, P < 0.001). There was a clear negative correlation between the proportion of women who had an optimum OBQI score during their admission and RSMR (R2 = 0.22, P < 0.001), with a weaker correlation in men (R2 = 0.08, P < 0.001). Heat maps according to the Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) demonstrate significant regional variation in the OBQI score, with women receiving poorer quality care throughout the UK. Conclusion There was a significant variation in the management of patients with NSTEMI according to sex, with widespread geographical variation. Structural changes are required to enable improved care for women.