Tapping for love: courtship, mating, and behavioral asymmetry in two aphid parasitoids, Aphidius ervi and Aphidius matricariae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

Author:

Zeni Valeria1ORCID,Romano Donato23ORCID,Kavallieratos Nickolas G4ORCID,Stefanini Cesare23,Lucchi Andrea1,Canale Angelo1,Benelli Giovanni1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy

2. The BioRobotics Institute, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies , Pontedera , Italy

3. Department of Excellence in Robotics & A.I., Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies , Pisa , Italy

4. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens , Athens, Attica , Greece

Abstract

Abstract Understanding the biology and ecology of parasitoids can have direct implications for their evaluation as biological control agents, as well as for the development and implementation of mass-rearing techniques. Nonetheless, our current knowledge of the possible influence of lateralized displays (i.e., the asymmetric expression of cognitive functions) on their reproductive behavior is scarce. Herein, we characterized the behavioral elements involved in courtship, and quantified the durations of 2 important aphid parasitoids, Aphidius ervi Haliday and Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). We quantified the main indicators of copulation and examined the occurrence of lateralized traits at population level. Results indicated that A. matricariae exhibited longer durations of wing fanning, antennal tapping, pre-copula and copula phases compared to A. ervi. Postcopulatory behavior was observed only in A. matricariae. Unlike other parasitoid species, the duration of wing fanning, chasing, and antennal tapping did not affect the success of the mating of male A. ervi and A. matricariae. Both species exhibited a right-biased female kicking behavior at the population level during the pre-copula. Our study provides insights into the fundamental biology of aphidiine parasitoids and reports the presence of population-level lateralized mating displays, which can serve as useful benchmarks to evaluate the quality of mass-rearing systems.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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