Mechanisms of resistance and virulence in parasitic plant–host interactions

Author:

Albert Markus1ORCID,Axtell Michael J2ORCID,Timko Michael P3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, Molecular Plant Physiology, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

2. Department of Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

3. Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA

Abstract

Abstract Parasitic plants pose a major biotic threat to plant growth and development and lead to losses in crop productivity of billions of USD annually. By comparison with “normal” autotrophic plants, parasitic plants live a heterotrophic lifestyle and rely on water, solutes and to a greater (holoparasitic plants) or lesser extent (hemiparasitic plants) on sugars from other host plants. Most hosts are unable to detect an infestation by plant parasites or unable to fend off these parasitic invaders. However, a few hosts have evolved defense strategies to avoid infestation or protect themselves actively post-attack often leading to full or partial resistance. Here, we review the current state of our understanding of the defense strategies to plant parasitism used by host plants with emphasis on the active molecular resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, we outline the perspectives and the potential of future studies that will be indispensable to develop and breed resistant crops.

Funder

United States Department of Agriculture

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

DFG

NSF

Kirkhouse Trust SCIO

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Genetics,Physiology

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