Genetic factors of grain cadmium concentration in Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.)

Author:

Cheng Yiran1ORCID,Liu Rui2ORCID,Yang Tian2ORCID,Yang Shan2ORCID,Chen Jia2ORCID,Huang Yiwen2ORCID,Long Dan2ORCID,Zeng Jian3ORCID,Wu Dandan2ORCID,Kang Houyang12ORCID,Fan Xing2ORCID,Sha Lina4ORCID,Zhang Haiqin4ORCID,Zhou Yonghong12ORCID,Wang Yi12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan , China

2. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan , China

3. College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan , China

4. College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan , China

Abstract

Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide and a major source of human cadmium (Cd) intake. Limiting grain Cd concentration (Gr_Cd_Conc) in wheat is necessary to ensure food safety. However, the genetic factors associated with Cd uptake, translocation and distribution and Gr_Cd_Conc in wheat are poorly understood. Here, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Gr_Cd_Conc and its related transport pathway using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from 2 Polish wheat varieties (RIL_DT; dwarf Polish wheat [DPW] and tall Polish wheat [TPW]). We identified 29 novel major QTLs for grain and tissue Cd concentration; 14 novel major QTLs for Cd uptake, translocation, and distribution; and 27 major QTLs for agronomic traits. We also analyzed the pleiotropy of these QTLs. Six novel QTLs (QGr_Cd_Conc-1A, QGr_Cd_Conc-3A, QGr_Cd_Conc-4B, QGr_Cd_Conc-5B, QGr_Cd_Conc-6A, and QGr_Cd_Conc-7A) for Gr_Cd_Conc explained 8.16% to 17.02% of the phenotypic variation. QGr_Cd_Conc-3A, QGr_Cd_Conc-6A, and QGr_Cd_Conc-7A pleiotropically regulated Cd transport; 3 other QTLs were organ-specific for Gr_Cd_Conc. We fine-mapped the locus of QGr_Cd_Conc-4B and identified the candidate gene as Cation/Ca exchanger 2 (TpCCX2-4B), which was differentially expressed in DPW and TPW. It encodes an endoplasmic reticulum membrane/plasma membrane–localized Cd efflux transporter in yeast. Overexpression of TpCCX2-4B reduced Gr_Cd_Conc in rice. The average Gr_Cd_Conc was significantly lower in TpCCX2-4BDPW genotypes than in TpCCX2-4BTPW genotypes of the RIL_DT population and 2 other natural populations, based on a Kompetitive allele-specific PCR marker derived from the different promoter sequences between TpCCX2-4BDPW and TpCCX2-4BTPW. Our study reveals the genetic mechanism of Cd accumulation in wheat and provides valuable resources for genetic improvement of low–Cd-accumulating wheat cultivars.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province

Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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