Multiple indole glucosinolates and myrosinases defend Arabidopsis against Tetranychus urticae herbivory

Author:

Widemann Emilie1ORCID,Bruinsma Kristie1ORCID,Walshe-Roussel Brendan12,Rioja Cristina1,Arbona Vicent3,Saha Repon Kumer14,Letwin David1,Zhurov Vladimir1ORCID,Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio3ORCID,Bernards Mark A.1ORCID,Grbić Miodrag1,Grbić Vojislava1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada

2. Natural and Non-Prescription Health Products Directorate Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada

3. Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain

4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada

Abstract

Abstract Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) defenses against herbivores are regulated by the jasmonate (JA) hormonal signaling pathway, which leads to the production of a plethora of defense compounds. Arabidopsis defense compounds include tryptophan-derived metabolites, which limit Arabidopsis infestation by the generalist herbivore two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. However, the phytochemicals responsible for Arabidopsis protection against T. urticae are unknown. Here, we used Arabidopsis mutants disrupted in the synthesis of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites to identify phytochemicals involved in the defense against T. urticae. We show that of the three tryptophan-dependent pathways found in Arabidopsis, the indole glucosinolate (IG) pathway is necessary and sufficient to assure tryptophan-mediated defense against T. urticae. We demonstrate that all three IGs can limit T. urticae herbivory, but that they must be processed by myrosinases to hinder T. urticae oviposition. Putative IG breakdown products were detected in mite-infested leaves, suggesting in planta processing by myrosinases. Finally, we demonstrate that besides IGs, there are additional JA-regulated defenses that control T. urticae herbivory. Together, our results reveal the complexity of Arabidopsis defenses against T. urticae that rely on multiple IGs, specific myrosinases, and additional JA-dependent defenses.

Funder

the Government of Canada through the Ontario Research Fund

the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Genetics,Physiology

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