Affiliation:
1. Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
2. The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
Abstract
Abstract
Plant peptide hormones are important players that control various aspects of the lives of plants. RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides have recently emerged as important players in multiple physiological processes. Numerous studies have increased our understanding of the evolutionary processes that shaped the RALF family of peptides. Nevertheless, to date, there is no comprehensive, family-wide functional study on RALF peptides. Here, we analyzed the phylogeny of the proposed multigenic RALF peptide family in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), ecotype Col-0, and tested a variety of physiological responses triggered by RALFs. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that two of the previously proposed RALF peptides are not genuine RALF peptides, which leads us to propose a revision to the consensus AtRALF peptide family annotation. We show that the majority of AtRALF peptides, when applied exogenously as synthetic peptides, induce seedling or root growth inhibition and modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Arabidopsis. Moreover, our findings suggest that alkalinization and growth inhibition are, generally, coupled characteristics of RALF peptides. Additionally, we show that for the majority of the peptides, these responses are genetically dependent on FERONIA, suggesting a pivotal role for this receptor kinase in the perception of multiple RALF peptides.
Funder
European Research Council
European Union (EU)’s Horizon 2020
IMMUNO-PEPTALK
University of Zürich, and the Swiss National Science Foundation
EMBO ALTF
European Molecular Biology Organization
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Plant Science,Genetics,Physiology
Cited by
58 articles.
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