The prognostic impact of follow-up cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging on left ventricular trajectory after acute decompensation

Abstract

Abstract Aims Cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging provides prognostic information in patients with heart failure (HF). Recently, the trajectory of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has been a focus in patients with reduced LVEF admitted for acute decompensated HF (ADHF). We sought to investigate the prognostic value of follow-up cardiac MIBG imaging in ADHF patients with reduced LVEF in relation to LVEF trajectory. Methods and results We prospectively studied 145 ADHF patients with a reduced LVEF of <40%. The cardiac MIBG heart-to-mediastinum ratio (the late HMR) was measured on the delayed image at discharge and at the 6-month follow-up (6FUP). At 6 months after discharge, 54 (37%) patients had complete recovery of LVEF ≥50% (HFcorEF), and 43 (30%) patients had partial recovery of LVEF 40–50% (HFparEF), while the remaining 48 (33%) patients had no functional recovery of LVEF (HFnorEF). The late HMR at the 6FUP in HFcorEF patients was significantly greater than that in HFparEF and HFnorEF patients. During a follow-up period of 4.3 ± 2.6 years, 43 patients had cardiac events, defined as a composite of readmission for worsening HF and cardiac death. Patients with a lower late HMR at the 6FUP had a greater risk of cardiac events than those with a higher late HMR at the 6FUP in the group with recovered LVEF, especially HFparEF, which was not observed in the HFnorEF subgroup. Conclusion Follow-up MIBG imaging after discharge could provide additional prognostic information in ADHF patients with recovered left ventricular function.