Right ventricular myocardial work for the prediction of early right heart failure and long-term mortality after left ventricular assist device implant

Abstract

Abstract Aims Right heart failure (RHF) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant is burdened by high morbidity and mortality rates and should be prevented by appropriate patient selection. Adequate right ventricular function is of paramount importance but its assessment is complex and cannot disregard afterload. Myocardial work (MW) is a non-invasive Speckle Tracking Echocardiography-derived method to estimate pressure–volume loops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of right ventricular myocardial work to predict RHF and long-term mortality after LVAD implant. Methods and results Consecutive patients from May 2017 to February 2022 undergoing LVAD implant were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without a useful echocardiographic exam prior to LVAD implant were excluded. MW analysis was performed. The primary endpoints were early RHF (<30 days from LVAD implant) and death at latest available follow-up. We included 23 patients (mean age 64 ± 8 years, 91% men). Median follow-up was 339 days (IQR: 30–1143). Early RHF occurred in six patients (26%). A lower right ventricular global work efficiency [RVGWE, OR 0.86, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.76–0.97, P = 0.014] was associated with the occurrence of early RHF. Among MW indices, the performance for early RHF prediction was greatest for RVGWE [area under the curve (AUC) 0.92] and a cut-off of 77% had a 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity. At long-term follow-up, death occurred in 4 of 14 patients (28.6%) in the RVGWE > 77% group and in 6 of 9 patients (66.7%) in the RVGWE < 77% group (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.90, P = 0.033). Conclusion RVGWE was a predictor of early RHF after LVAD implant and brought prognostic value in terms of long-term mortality.