Affiliation:
1. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
2. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
3. Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
4. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background
Previous studies have suggested that insufficient concentrations of vitamin D are associated with dental caries in primary teeth, but evidence remains inconclusive.
Objectives
We assessed the longitudinal associations between prenatal, perinatal, and early childhood serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] and the risk of dental caries in 6-year-old children.
Methods
This research was conducted within the Generation R Study, a large, multi-ethnic, prospective cohort study located in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Dental caries were assessed in children using the decayed-missing-filled-primary teeth index at a mean age of 6.1 years (90% range, 4.8–9.1). We measured serum total 25(OH)D concentrations at 3 time points: prenatally (at 18–24 weeks of gestation), perinatally (at birth), and during early childhood (at age 6 years). We performed logistic regression analyses to determine the longitudinal association of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with caries risks in 5257 children. Additionally, we constructed a Genetic Risk Score (GRS) for the genetic predispositions to serum total 25(OH)D concentrations based on 6 vitamin D–related single nucleotide polymorphisms in a subsample of 3385 children.
Results
Children with severe prenatal and early childhood serum 25(OH)D deficiencies (<25 nmol/L) were more likely to be diagnosed with caries [OR, 1.56 (95% CI, 1.18–2.06) and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.10–2.25), respectively] than children with optimal concentrations (≥75 nmol/L). After adjustment for residuals of serum 25(OH)D concentrations at other time points, only the early childhood serum 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with the caries risk at 6 years (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.98). However, our GRS analysis showed that children who are genetically predisposed to have lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations do not have a higher risk of developing caries in primary teeth.
Conclusions
Our study suggests a weak association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and risks of caries in primary teeth. Based on our results, we do not recommend vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of dental caries in children.
Funder
Erasmus Medical Center
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Health Research
National Health and Medical Research Council
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)
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