Relational Coordination as a Predictor of Job Satisfaction and Intent to Stay Among Nurses and Physicians in the Military Health System

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction Job satisfaction and retention of military and civilian nurses and physicians who work in military treatment facilities (MTFs) are critical to maintaining quality of care and operational readiness. Civilian nurses and physicians working in MTFs supplement staffing for active duty military nurses and physicians and support operational readiness when military nurses and physicians deploy in wartime crises or humanitarian efforts. Decreased retention of military and civilian nurses and physicians can negatively impact operational readiness and patient care outcomes. Although several factors (e.g., burnout, pay, and leadership) influence job satisfaction and retention among nurses and physicians in both military and civilian healthcare settings, high-quality communication and relationships between nurses and physicians are associated with better job satisfaction and retention. However, little is known about how high-quality communication and relationships affect job satisfaction and retention among nurses and physicians in MTFs. Relational coordination (RC) is a process of high-quality communication supported by relationships of shared knowledge, shared goals, and mutual respect among members of the healthcare team. By strengthening RC, hospital leaders can more effectively achieve desired outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore how RC influences job satisfaction and intent to stay among nurses, residents, and physicians in an Army hospital, and whether job satisfaction mediated the relationship between RC and intent to stay. Materials and Methods We conducted an exploratory, cross-sectional study in a 138-bed MTF in the southeastern USA and invited a convenience sample of military and civilian nurses, residents, and physicians to complete a 47-item survey on RC, job satisfaction, and intent to stay. We used Pearson’s correlation to explore relationships between RC, job satisfaction, and intent to stay and then employed multiple regression to explore whether RC predicts job satisfaction and intent to stay, after controlling for professional role, demographic characteristics, and other covariates. Furthermore, we explored whether job satisfaction mediates the relationship between RC and intent to stay. Results Two hundred and eighty-nine participants completed the survey. Seventy percentage of respondents were civilian, were Caucasian (61%), and had a mean age of 40 years old. The RCs within roles (β = 0.76, P < .001) and between roles (β = 0.46, P < .001) were both positively associated with job satisfaction. RCs within roles was associated with higher intent to stay (β = 0.38, P = .005). Civilian nurses and physicians reported higher intent to stay, followed by officers and enlisted service members. Job satisfaction mediated the relationship between RC within roles and intent to stay. Conclusion Our findings suggest that RC is a powerful workplace dynamic that influences job satisfaction and intent to stay, for nurses, residents, and physicians in MTFs. Specifically, we found that RC was positively associated with job satisfaction and intent to stay and that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between RC and intent to stay. We recommend that hospital leaders in MTFs explore interventions to strengthen RC among health professionals by including relational, work process and structural interventions as part of their strategy for retaining military healthcare professionals.