Continuous Intravenous Ketamine for Pain Control After Tibial or Femoral Osteotomy

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this case series is to evaluate the potential of continuous intravenous ketamine administration as part of a multimodal strategy to reduce opioid requirements after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and distal femoral osteotomy (DFO). Methods We examined the average postoperative numerical rating scale pain intensity score from admission to the postanesthesia care unit to 8 am of the first postoperative day of four patients who underwent HTO or DFO. Pain scores were analyzed as the time-weighted sum of pain intensity differences using the trapezoidal rule of the curve, resulting in an area under the curve (AUC). Results Patient A had an AUC of 2,828 over 1,180 minutes with an average pain score of 2.4/10. Patient B had an AUC of 1,418 over 1,285 minutes with an average pain score of 1.1/10. Patient C had an AUC of 4,217 over 1,155 minutes with an average pain score of 3.7/10. Patient D had an AUC of 4,498 over 1,030 minutes with an average pain score of 4.4/10. All were able to go home on postoperative day 1. Conclusions This novel perioperative pain pathway including multiple non-opioid pain adjuncts and a low-dose continuous ketamine infusion is an effective method for pain management in knee periarticular osteotomies. Level of Evidence Level 4; Case Series.