Biomechanical Phenotyping of Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for BACPAC

Abstract

Abstract Objective Biomechanics represents the common final output through which all biopsychosocial constructs of back pain must pass, making it a rich target for phenotyping. To exploit this feature, several sites within the NIH Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) have developed biomechanics measurement and phenotyping tools. The overall aims of this paper were to: 1) provide a narrative review of biomechanics as a phenotyping tool; 2) describe the diverse array of tools and outcome measures that exist within BACPAC; and 3) highlight how leveraging these technologies with the other data collected within BACPAC may elucidate the relationship between biomechanics and other metrics used to characterize low back pain (LBP). Methods The narrative review highlights how biomechanical outcomes can discriminate between those with and without LBP, as well as the severity of LBP. It also addresses how biomechanical outcomes track with functional improvements in LBP. Additionally, we present the clinical use case for biomechanical outcome measures that can be met via emerging technologies. Results To answer the need of measuring biomechanical performance our results section describes the spectrum of technologies that have been developed and are being used within BACPAC. Conclusion and future directions: The outcome measures collected by these technologies will be an integral part of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies conducted in BACPAC. Linking these measures with other biopsychosocial data collected within BACPAC increases our potential to use biomechanics as a tool for understanding the mechanisms of LBP, phenotyping unique LBP subgroups, and matching these individuals with an appropriate treatment paradigm.