Should Sex Be Considered an Effect Modifier in the Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness?-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Should Sex Be Considered an Effect Modifier in the Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness?

Published:2018-09-01 Issue:9 Volume:5 Page:
ISSN:2328-8957
Container-title:Open Forum Infectious Diseases
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Chambers Catharine¹,Skowronski Danuta M¹²,Rose Caren¹²,Serres Gaston De³⁴⁵,Winter Anne-Luise⁶,Dickinson James A⁷⁸,Jassem Agatha⁹,Gubbay Jonathan B¹⁰¹¹¹²,Fonseca Kevin¹³¹⁴,Drews Steven J¹⁵¹⁶,Charest Hugues¹⁷,Martineau Christine¹⁵,Petric Martin⁹,Krajden Mel⁸⁹

Affiliation:

1. Communicable Diseases and Immunization Service, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada

2. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

3. Direction of Biological and Occupational Risks, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada

4. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

5. Infection and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada

6. Communicable Diseases, Emergency Preparedness and Response, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada

7. Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

8. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

9. British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada

10. Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada

11. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

12. Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

13. Diagnostic Virology Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Calgary, Canada

14. Diagnostic Virology University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

15. Diagnostic Virology Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Edmonton, Canada

16. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

17. Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada

Abstract

Abstract We investigated sex as a potential modifier of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) between 2010–2011 and 2016–2017 in Canada. Overall VE was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43% to 55%) for females and 38% (95% CI, 28% to 46%) for males (absolute difference [AD], 11%; P = .03). Sex differences were greatest for influenza A(H3N2) (AD, 17%; P = .07) and B(Victoria) (AD, 20%; P = .08) compared with A(H1N1)pdm09 (AD, 10%; P = .19) or B(Yamagata) (AD, –3%; P = .68). They were also more pronounced in older adults ≥50 years (AD, 19%; P = .03) compared with those <20 years (AD, 4%; P = .74) or 20–49 years (AD, –1%; P = .90) but with variation by subtype/lineage. More definitive investigations of VE by sex and age are warranted to elucidate these potential interactions.

Funder

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

British Columbia Centre for Disease Control

Alberta Health and Wellness

Public Health Ontario

Ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Québec

l’Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec

Public Health Agency of Canada

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Oncology