Climate change and nephrology

Author:

Sasai Fumihiko1,Roncal-Jimenez Carlos1,Rogers Keegan2,Sato Yuka3,Brown Jared M2,Glaser Jason4,Garcia Gabriela1,Sanchez-Lozada Laura Gabriela5,Rodriguez-Iturbe Bernardo56,Dawson Jaime Butler7,Sorensen Cecilia7,Hernando Ana Andres1,Gonzalez-Quiroz Marvin89,Lanaspa Miguel1,Newman Lee S7,Johnson Richard J1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

3. Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

4. La Isla Network, Léon, Nicaragua

5. Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City

6. Instituto Nacional de Cencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Department of Nephrology, Mexico City, Mexico

7. Center for Health, Work and Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

8. Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment (CISTA), National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua

9. Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, UK

Abstract

Abstract Climate change should be of special concern for the nephrologist, as the kidney has a critical role in protecting the host from dehydration, but it is also a favorite target of heat stress and dehydration. Here we discuss how rising temperatures and extreme heat events may affect the kidney. The most severe presentation of heat stress is heat stroke, which can result in severe electrolyte disturbance and both acute and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, lesser levels of heat stress also have multiple effects, including exacerbating kidney disease and precipitating cardiovascular events in subjects with established kidney disease. Heat stress can also increase the risk for kidney stones, cause multiple electrolyte abnormalities and induce both acute and chronic kidney disease. Recently there have been multiple epidemics of CKD of uncertain etiology in various regions of the world, including Mesoamerica, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. There is increasing evidence that climate change and heat stress may play a contributory role in these conditions, although other causes, including toxins, could also be involved. As climate change worsens, the nephrologist should prepare for an increase in diseases associated with heat stress and dehydration.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

La Isla Network

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Transplantation,Nephrology

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