Comparison of physiological and behavioral nutrition-related factors in people with and without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, from cohort data at 8 to 20 years

Author:

Ng Phoebe T T12ORCID,Tucker Kylie1ORCID,Zahir Syeda Farah3ORCID,Izatt Maree T4ORCID,Straker Leon5ORCID,Claus Andrew67ORCID

Affiliation:

1. The University of Queensland, Laboratory for Motor Control and Pain Research, School of Biomedical Sciences , St. Lucia, 4072, QLD , Australia

2. KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital , Physiotherapy Department, 229899 , Singapore

3. The University of Queensland, Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine , Woolloongabba, 4102, QLD , Australia

4. Queensland University of Technology at the Centre for Children’s Health Research, Biomechanics and Spine Research Group , South Brisbane, 4101, QLD , Australia

5. Curtin University, School of Allied Health , Perth, 6102, WA , Australia

6. The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , St. Lucia, 4072, QLD , Australia

7. Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Tess Cramond Pain and Research Centre , Herston, 4029, QLD , Australia

Abstract

Abstract Nutrition-related variables including lower body mass index (BMI), lower bone mineral density (BMD), altered body composition and hormone levels have been reported in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aims of this study were to determine if physiological and behavioral nutrition-related factors differ between people with and without AIS, and to quantify their relationship with AIS, in unbiased cohort sample. BMI, presence of an eating disorder, leptin, adiponectin, BMD, vitamin D, lean mass, and fat mass were compared between those with and without AIS at ages 8, 10, 14, 17, and 20 years, and multiple logistic regression was performed between these variables and AIS. Lower total body BMD (median, 1.0 g/cm2 vs 1.1 g/cm2; p = .03) and lean mass (median, 38.8 kg vs 46.0 kg; p = .04) at age 20 years were observed in those with AIS compared to those without scoliosis. At age 20, the odds of AIS were 3.23 times higher for adolescents with an eating disorder compared to those with no eating disorder (95% CI, 1.02–8.63) when adjusted for BMI. Every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI decreased the odds of AIS by 0.88 times (95% CI, 0.76–0.98), after adjusting for eating disorder diagnosis. In conclusion, lower BMI in mid-adolescence and presence of eating disorder outcomes, lower BMD, and lower lean mass in late adolescence were associated with the presence of AIS. Current data do not explain the mechanisms for these associations but suggest that serum leptin, adiponectin, and vitamin D are unlikely to be contributing factors. Conclusive determination of the prevalence of eating disorders in AIS will require further studies with larger sample sizes.

Funder

National Health and Medical Research Council

University of Western Australia

Curtin University

Telethon Kids Institute

Women and Infants Research Foundation

Edith Cowan University

Murdoch University

University of Notre Dame Australia

Raine Medical Research Foundation

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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