Extended Version of a Test Battery for Visual Assessment of Postural Orientation Errors: Face Validity, Internal Consistency, and Reliability

Abstract

Abstract Objective Undesirable postural orientation may be a risk factor for a second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate face validity, internal consistency, and interrater reliability of an extended version of a previous test battery for visual assessment of postural orientation errors (POEs) in patients during the late phase of rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) (ie, when they have initiated jumping exercises). Methods This study used a cross-sectional design. Fifty-three patients (45% women) in the late phase of ACLR rehabilitation performed 5 functional tasks of varying difficulty. POEs of the lower extremity and trunk were visually assessed from video and scored on a scale from 0 (good) to 2 (poor). Results The side-hop and 2 new POEs (femur medial to shank, femoral valgus) were added to the test battery after expert focus group discussions. Internal consistency was calculated for all tasks (α = .712–.823). Interrater reliability showed fair to substantial agreement for femur medial to shank and femoral valgus during all tasks (K = 0.31–0.815) and almost perfect agreement for side-hop (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.88). Conclusions The good internal consistency and reliability after adding side-hop, femur medial to shank, and femoral valgus suggests that this test battery is a suitable tool to quantify postural orientation throughout ACLR rehabilitation. Impact This test battery for visual assessment of POEs was evaluated in a heterogeneous group of patients in different phases of ACLR battery and can be used in clinical practice to measure POEs in patients with ACLR, including in the late phase of rehabilitation to return to sport. This study encourages research on more demanding tasks and additional POEs to cover the entire rehabilitation period after ACL injury or reconstruction.