Lipidomic analysis of serum exosomes identifies a novel diagnostic marker for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Author:

Zhang Ling1,Lu Ting2,Zhou Baocheng3,Sun Yaoxiang1,Wang Liyun2,Qiao Guohong1,Yang Tingting1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People’s Hospital , Yixing , China

2. Department of Endocrinology, Yixing People’s Hospital , Yixing , China

3. Department of Medical Laboratory, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital , Lianyungang , China

Abstract

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) intricately involves disrupted lipid metabolism. Exosomes emerge as carriers of biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring. This study aims to identify lipid metabolites in serum exosomes for T2DM diagnosis. Methods Serum samples were collected from newly diagnosed T2DM patients and age and body mass index−matched healthy controls. Exosomes were isolated using exosome isolation reagent, and untargeted/targeted liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify and validate altered lipid metabolites. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of candidate lipid metabolites. Results Serum exosomes were successfully isolated from both groups, with untargeted LC-MS/MS revealing distinct lipid metabolite alterations. Notably, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (22:2(13Z,16Z)/14:0) showed stable elevation in T2DM-serum exosomes. Targeted LC-MS/MS confirmed significant increase of PE (22:2(13Z,16Z)/14:0) in T2DM exosomes but not in serum. PE (22:2(13Z,16Z)/14:0) levels not only positively correlated with hemoglobin A1C levels and blood glucose levels, but also effectively distinguished T2DM patients from healthy individuals (area under the curve = 0.9141). Conclusion Our research sheds light on the importance of serum exosome lipid metabolites in diagnosing T2DM, providing valuable insights into the complex lipid metabolism of diabetes.

Funder

National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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