Mnt1, an α-(1 → 2)-mannosyltransferase responsible for the elongation of N-glycans and O-glycans in Aspergillus fumigatus

Abstract

Abstract The fungal cell wall is necessary for survival as it serves a barrier for physical protection. Therefore, glycosyltransferases responsible for the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides may be suitable targets for drug development. Mannose is a monosaccharide that is commonly found in sugar chains in the walls of fungi. Mannose residues are present in fungal-type galactomannan, O-glycans, N-glycans, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramides in Aspergillus fumigatus. Three genes that are homologous to α-(1 → 2)-mannosyltransferase genes and belong to the glycosyltransferase family 15 were found in the A. fumigatus strain, Af293/A1163, genome: cmsA/ktr4, cmsB/ktr7, and mnt1. It is reported that the mutant ∆mnt1 strain exhibited a wide range of properties that included high temperature and drug sensitivity, reduced conidia formation, leakage at the hyphal tips, and attenuation of virulence. However, it is unclear whether Mnt1 is a bona fide α-(1 → 2)-mannosyltransferase and which mannose residues are synthesized by Mnt1 in vivo. In this study, we elucidated the structure of the Mnt1 reaction product, the structure of O-glycan in the Δmnt1 strain. In addition, the length of N-glycans attached to invertase was evaluated in the Δmnt1 strain. The results indicated that Mnt1 functioned as an α-(1 → 2)-mannosyltransferase involved in the elongation of N-glycans and synthesis of the second mannose residue of O-glycans. The widespread abnormal phenotype caused by the disruption of the mnt1 gene is the combined result of the loss of mannose residues from O-glycans and N-glycans. We also clarified the enzymatic properties and substrate specificity of Mnt1 based on its predicted protein structure.