Evaluating Correlations Between Premium Cigar Smoking and Mental Health and Substance Use Dependence Conditions Among U.S. Adults, 2010–2019

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Improved understanding of health conditions associated with premium cigar smoking can inform efforts to reduce cigar use. This paper extends findings commissioned for the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine report on premium cigars. Aims and Methods We pooled 2010–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data to evaluate cross-sectional associations between premium cigar smoking and mental health and substance use conditions among U.S. adults. A series of logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption compared odds of each condition associated with past-month premium cigar smoking relative to past-month nonpremium cigar smoking, never tobacco use, and current established cigarette smoking. Results Premium cigar smoking was associated with lower adjusted odds of past month serious psychological distress, past year major depressive episode, and cannabis and illicit drug dependence relative to nonpremium cigar and cigarette smoking; however, higher odds of alcohol and cannabis dependence were observed relative to never tobacco use, and lower odds of alcohol dependence were observed relative to current cigarette smoking but not current nonpremium cigar smoking. Conclusions We observed considerable variation in both magnitude and direction of associations between premium cigar smoking and mental health and substance use indicators depending on the condition and reference group to which premium cigar smoking was compared. Implications Premium cigar smoking frequently cooccurs with cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, thus potential health correlates must be considered in appropriate context. We observed considerable variation in direction and magnitude of association depending on the health condition and reference population, as well as potential for reverse causality and residual confounding in this cross-sectional analysis. As the tobacco landscape continues to evolve, rigorous scientific studies that incorporate clear differentiation of cigar type, measures of cumulative use, and temporal data collection are necessary to fully evaluate the health effects of premium cigar smoking and effectively inform Food and Drug Administration regulation.