1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655 Tokyo , Japan
2. Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health, National Institute of Public Health , Saitama , Japan
3. Department of Advanced Cardiology, University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655 Tokyo , Japan
4. Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine , 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan
5. Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
6. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University , Saga , Japan
7. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
8. Department of Frontier Cardiovascular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
9. International University of Health and Welfare , Tokyo , Japan