Visual acuity and risk of overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

Author:

Han So Young1,Chang Yoosoo234,Shin Hocheol25,Choi Chul Young1,Ryu Seungho234ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea

2. Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

3. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

5. Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Abstract Aims  The associations of visual impairment (VI) with cardio-metabolic risk factors have been reported but its association with cardiovascular mortality remains uncertain. Therefore, we evaluated the association of visual acuity (VA) with overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality. Methods and results A cohort study was performed in 580 746 Korean adults (average age, 39.7 years) who were followed for a median of 8.1 years (maximum, 16 years). Presenting VA was measured by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Visual acuity in the better vision eye was categorized as normal vision (≥0.8), lowered vision (0.5–0.8), mild visual impairment (VI) (0.3–0.5), or moderate to severe VI (<0.3). Vital status and cause of death were ascertained through linkage to national death records. During 4 632 892.2 person-years of follow-up, 6585 overall deaths, 974 cardiovascular deaths, and 1163 injury-related deaths were identified. After adjustment for possible confounders, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall mortality among participants with lowered vision, minimal VI, and moderate to severe VI were 1.21 (1.13–1.29), 1.26 (1.15–1.37), and 1.54 (1.40–1.68), respectively, compared with those with normal vision. The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for injury-related mortality were 1.12 (0.96–1.32), 0.98 (0.76–1.26), and 1.36 (1.04–1.79), respectively, and the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for cardiovascular mortality were 1.32 (1.12–1.57), 1.43 (1.15–1.77), and 2.41 (1.94–2.99). Conclusion  In this large cohort of young and middle-aged individuals, VI was associated with increased risk of mortality especially due to cardiovascular disease.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Epidemiology

Reference40 articles.

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