Phylogenetic identity and population structure of the dwarf caimans Paleosuchus spp. in the Orinoco basin of Colombia and Venezuela: filling gaps

Author:

Hernández-Rangel Sandra M1ORCID,Morales-Betancourt Mónica A2,Muniz Fábio L13,Vargas-Ramírez Mario45,Rojas-Runjaic Fernando J M67,Lasso Carlos A8,Caballero Susana9

Affiliation:

1. Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Manaus , Brazil

2. Calle 63 # 37–59, Bogotá, Colombia

3. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais (ICEN), Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis (UFR) , Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso , Brazil

4. Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Bogotá , Colombia

5. Estación de Biología Tropical Roberto Franco (EBTRF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Villavicencio , Colombia

6. Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi , Belém, Pará , Brazil

7. Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales , Caracas 1050, Distrito Capital , Venezuela

8. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Línea Gestión de Recursos Hidrobiológicos , Bogotá , Colombia

9. Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos-LEMVA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá , Colombia

Abstract

Abstract Dwarf caiman species of the genus Paleosuchus (Paleosuchus palpebrosus and Paleosuchus trigonatus) are old, widespread crocodilian lineages with populations affected by habitat modification. For both species, phylogeographical studies revealing crucial information have already been performed, but for important ecoregions, such as the Orinoco, knowledge is lacking. In this study, the phylogenetic identity of individuals of Paleosuchus spp. from the Orinoco basin of Colombia and Venezuela was evaluated. The genetic structure of the two species of Paleosuchus was also determined and their genetic diversity quantified. The results show a marked genetic structuring in both species, also indicating that the populations of P. trigonatus and P. palpebrosus of the Orinoco basin are well differentiated from those of other hydrographic basins. For Colombia, it was possible to infer that there are two independent management units for both species (Orinoco and Amazonas) and that the populations of the Orinoco basin present high genetic and haplotypic diversity. In Venezuela, only one management unit was identified for each species. This finding, together with the results of previous studies, show that, in total, there are at least five management units for P. palpebrosus and six for P. trigonatus, throughout their distribution areas. It is necessary to take this information into account when establishing conservation strategies for these species, although it is stressed that the geographical sampling must be improved in future phylogeographical studies, because information gaps persist at the geographical level.

Funder

Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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