Variation in cranial asymmetry among the Delphinoidea

Author:

Laeta Maíra123ORCID,Ruenes Greicy F45,Siciliano Salvatore63,Oliveira João A2,Galatius Anders7ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

2. Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

3. Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ, Brazil

4. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense “Darcy Ribeiro”, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil

5. Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil

6. Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

7. Marine Mammal Research, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark

Abstract

Abstract The remarkable directional cranial asymmetry of odontocete skulls has been proposed to be related to sound production. We investigated the variation in quality and quantity of cranial asymmetry in the superfamily Delphinoidea using geometric morphometrics and then investigated the relationship between asymmetry and aspects of sound production. In the average asymmetric shape, the dorsal aspect of the skull outline and interparietal suture crest were displaced to the right, while the nasal septum, nasal bones and right premaxilla were displaced to the left. The nasal bone, premaxilla and maxilla were all larger on the right side. Three delphinoid families presented similar expressions of asymmetry; however, the magnitude of the asymmetry varied. The Monodontidae showed the greatest magnitude of asymmetry, whereas the Phocoenidae were much less asymmetric. The most speciose family, the Delphinidae, presented a wide spectrum of asymmetry, with globicephalines and lissodelphinines among the most and least asymmetric species, respectively. Generalized linear models explaining the magnitude of asymmetry with characteristics of echolocation clicks, habitat use and size revealed associations with source level, dive depth and centroid size. This supports a relationship between asymmetry and sound production, with more asymmetric species emitting louder sounds. For example, louder clicks would be beneficial for prey detection at longer ranges in deeper waters.

Funder

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference122 articles.

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