Optimizing indoor thermal comfort with wind towers and earth to air heat exchangers: a sustainable solution for energy-efficient housing

Abstract

Abstract The conditioning of living and working spaces in the building sector consumes a significant amount of energy. Among the natural ventilation techniques that rely on renewable energy sources such as geothermal and wind, wind towers and earth to air heat exchangers (EAHEs) hold prominence. This research paper presents a series of experiments conducted in the arid region of Bechar, Algeria, to investigate the effectiveness of combined natural ventilation systems employing wind towers and EAHEs. The test chamber, constructed from plywood, and the tower, along with the buried polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe EAHE at a depth of 150 cm in sandy-loam soil, constitute a completely natural system with zero energy consumption. Two scenarios were examined: one with closed windows and the other with open windows measuring 40 × 40 cm2. The results indicate a noteworthy improvement in thermal comfort within the chamber, with an increase from 18.75% for the closed window system to 50% when the window is open. By employing a completely natural system without energy consumption, it becomes possible to fulfill 50% of the thermal comfort requirements during both summer and winter seasons. Consequently, this approach reduces at least half of the energy demands in a region that experiences six months of discomfort.