Hypertension in children and adolescents

Author:

de Simone Giovanni1ORCID,Mancusi Costantino1ORCID,Hanssen Henner2ORCID,Genovesi Simonetta3ORCID,Lurbe Empar4,Parati Gianfranco3ORCID,Sendzikaite Skaiste5,Valerio Giuliana6ORCID,Di Bonito Procolo7,Di Salvo Giovanni8,Ferrini Marc9ORCID,Leeson Paul10ORCID,Moons Philip11ORCID,Weismann Constance G12,Williams Bryan13

Affiliation:

1. Hypertension Research Center & Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy

2. Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland

3. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital & School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca , Milan , Italy

4. Paediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain

5. Clinic of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania

6. Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope , Naples , Italy

7. Department of Internal Medicine, ‘S.Maria delle Grazie’ Hospital, Pozzuoli , Italy

8. Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health, University-Hospital of Padova, University of Padua , Padua , Italy

9. St Joseph and St Luc Hospital Department of Cardiology and Vascular Pathology , Lyon , France

10. Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK

11. KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium & Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden

12. Paediatric Heart Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Lund , Sweden

13. Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, and NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre , London , UK

Abstract

Abstract Definition and management of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents are uncertain, due to different positions of current guidelines. The European Society of Cardiology task-force, constituted by Associations and Councils with interest in arterial hypertension, has reviewed current literature and evidence, to produce a Consensus Document focused on aspects of hypertension in the age range of 6–16 years, including definition, methods of measurement of blood pressure, clinical evaluation, assessment of hypertension-mediated target organ damage, evaluation of possible vascular, renal and hormonal causes, assessment and management of concomitant risk factors with specific attention for obesity, and anti-hypertensive strategies, especially focused on life-style modifications. The Consensus Panel also suggests aspects that should be studied with high priority, including generation of multi-ethnic sex, age and height specific European normative tables, implementation of randomized clinical trials on different diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, and long-term cohort studies to link with adult cardiovascular risk. Finally, suggestions for the successful implementation of the contents of the present Consensus document are also given.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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