1. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
2. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
3. Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoucho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
4. Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
5. Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Chest and Heart Hospital, Thomas Dr, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
6. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9000, Denmark