The myocardial bridge: incidence, diagnosis, and prognosis of a pathology of uncertain clinical significance

Author:

Santucci Andrea1,Jacoangeli Francesca1,Cavallini Sara1,d’Ammando Matteo1,de Angelis Francesca1,Cavallini Claudio1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Cardiology, Perugia Hospital

Abstract

Abstract The myocardial bridge (MB) is a common anomaly of the coronary tree, very often clinically silent. The artery typically involved is the left anterior descending in its proximal and/or middle portion. MB can cause ischaemia with various mechanisms, directly proportional to the degree of compression of the intra-myocardial tract, which impairs the coronary flow. It is a dynamic phenomenon that is affected by the adrenergic tone and is therefore often brought by physical exercise. MB, when symptomatic, often begins with angina from exertion; some patients have more severe conditions such as unstable angina or myocardial infarction. Coronary vasospasm related to MB-induced endothelial dysfunction can explain a number of cases that come to observation even with catastrophic pictures such as ventricular fibrillation caused by ischaemia. The diagnostic workup includes the non-invasive study using computed tomography angiography and the invasive study of the haemodynamic impact using pressure and Doppler guides. In symptomatic cases, drug therapy with a beta-blocker is enough to manage angina. When it fails, there is the option of coronary angioplasty or surgical treatment techniques.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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