Structural recognition of the MYC promoter G-quadruplex by a quinoline derivative: insights into molecular targeting of parallel G-quadruplexes

Author:

Dickerhoff Jonathan1,Dai Jixun2,Yang Danzhou1345ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 575 W Stadium Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

2. College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

3. Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA

4. Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, West Lafayette, IN, USA

5. Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, USA

Abstract

Abstract DNA G-Quadruplexes (G4s) formed in oncogene promoters regulate transcription. The oncogene MYC promoter G4 (MycG4) is the most prevalent G4 in human cancers. However, the most studied MycG4 sequence bears a mutated 3′-residue crucial for ligand recognition. Here, we report a new drug-like small molecule PEQ without a large aromatic moiety that specifically binds MycG4. We determined the NMR solution structures of the wild-type MycG4 and its 2:1 PEQ complex, as well as the structure of the 2:1 PEQ complex of the widely used mutant MycG4. Comparison of the two complex structures demonstrates specific molecular recognition of MycG4 and shows the clear effect of the critical 3′-mutation on the drug binding interface. We performed a systematic analysis of the four available complex structures involving the same mutant MycG4, which can be considered a model system for parallel G4s, and revealed for the first time that the flexible flanking residues are recruited in a conserved and sequence-specific way, as well as unused potential for selective ligand-G4 hydrogen-bond interactions. Our results provide the true molecular basis for MycG4-targeting drugs and new critical insights into future rational design of drugs targeting MycG4 and parallel G4s that are prevalent in promoter and RNA G4s.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics

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