Dynamics associated with fermentation and aerobic deterioration of high-moisture Italian ryegrass silage made using Lactobacillus plantarum and caproic acid

Abstract

Abstract Aims To determine the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), caproic acid (CA), and their combination during ensiling and feed-out phase. Methods and results Six treatments: control (CON), LP, 0.15% caproic acid (LCA), 0.2% caproic acid (HCA), LCA + LP, and HCA + LP were employed for 30 days ensiling and an 8-days aerobic stability test. LP had similar pH value and lactic acid content with LCA + LP, while the contents of NH3-N and total VFAs in LCA + LP were significantly lower than those in LP and CON, and the fermentation quality of LCA + LP performed best among all silages. As air-exposure extended, contents of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), lactic, and acetic acids decreased, while pH, and NH3-N content increased significantly. The population of lactic acid bacteria gradually decreased in contrast to increased counts of aerobic bacteria and yeasts. Compared with LCA, 0.2% CA delayed the aerobic deterioration as judged by a slower increase in pH and high residual of WSC and lactic acid, and negligible ethanol content and anaerobe spores counts remained in HCA at the end of air exposure. Compared with CON (73 h), LP showed less aerobic stability (38 h), whereas HCA and HCA + LP prolonged aerobic stability for 210 and 152 h, better than LCA (109 h) and LCA + LP (146 h). Conclusions Lactobacillus plantarum apparently improved the fermentation quality, and combined with CA exhibited greater efficiency in inhibiting undesirable microorganism during ensiling. CA at 0.2% optimally extended the aerobic stability.