A comprehensive approach for evaluating the virucidal performance of domestic laundry detergents under practical conditions

Author:

Konkol Justyna E1,Becker Britta1,Paulmann Dajana1,Steinmann Eike23,Todt Daniel24,Meister Toni L2567,Evers Stefan8,Weide Mirko9,Dotzauer Andreas10,Brill Florian H H1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Dr. Brill and Partner GmbH, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology , Bremen 28259 , Germany

2. Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44801 , Germany

3. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site , Bochum , Germany

4. European Virus Bioinformatics Centre (EVBC) , 07743 Jena , Germany

5. Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre , Hamburg 20251 , Germany

6. Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM) , Hamburg 20359 , Germany

7. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems , Hamburg , Germany

8. Henkel AG & Co KGaA, Corporate Microbiology , Henkelstraße 67, Düsseldorf 40191 , Germany

9. Henkel AG & Co KGaA, Microbiology & Hygiene, International R&D Henkel Consumer Brands , Henkelstraße 67, Düsseldorf 40191 , Germany

10. Laboratory for Virus Research, University Bremen/UFT , Bremen 28359 , Germany

Abstract

Abstract Aims We aimed to develop a method to assess the virucidal performance of domestic laundry in a lab-scale washing machine (Rotawash) based on EN 17658. Methods and results For method development, virus recovery was investigated after drying on cotton carriers for three test viruses murine norovirus (MNV), modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV), followed by washing simulations in flasks and Rotawash. MNV and MVA demonstrated sufficient recovery from carriers after drying and washing (up to 40°C and 60 min). BCoV exhibited lower recovery, indicating less relevance as a test virus. Rotawash efficacy tests conducted with MNV, a resistant, non-enveloped virus, showed limited efficacy of a bleach-free detergent, aligning with results from a domestic washing machine. Rotawash washes achieved higher reductions in infectious virus titers than suspension tests, indicating the role of washing mechanics in virus removal. Conclusions This study established a practical method to test the virucidal efficacy of laundry detergents in Rotawash, simulating domestic washing.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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