Azilsartan ameliorates ventricular hypertrophy in rats suffering from pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the Keap1–Nrf2 signalling pathway

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Investigate if azilsartan protects against myocardial hypertrophy by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated pathways. Methods Abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats was applied. Azilsartan or vehicle was administered daily for 6 weeks in sham or AAC rats. Cardiac morphology and ventricular function were determined. Azilsartan effects upon neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRCM) hypertrophy and molecular mechanisms were studied in angiotensin (Ang) II-stimulated NRCMs in vitro. Nrf2-small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown Nrf2 expression. Messenger RNA (mRNA)/protein expression of Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein (Keap)1 and Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes was determined by real-time reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Key findings Azilsartan treatment ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy/fibrosis significantly in AAC rats. Azilsartan increased expression of Nrf2 protein but decreased expression of Keap1 protein. Upregulation of protein expression of Nrf2’s downstream antioxidant enzymes by azilsartan treatment was observed. Azilsartan inhibited Ang II-induced NRCM hypertrophy significantly and similar effects on the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway were observed in vivo. Nrf2 knockdown markedly counteracted the beneficial effects of azilsartan on NRCM hypertrophy and the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway. Conclusions Azilsartan restrained pressure overload-induced cardiac remodelling by activating the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway and increasing expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes to alleviate oxidative stress.