Effects of Influenza Vaccination in the United States During the 2017–2018 Influenza Season
Author:
Rolfes Melissa A1ORCID, Flannery Brendan1, Chung Jessie R1, O’Halloran Alissa1, Garg Shikha1, Belongia Edward A2, Gaglani Manjusha3, Zimmerman Richard K4, Jackson Michael L5, Monto Arnold S6, Alden Nisha B7, Anderson Evan8, Bennett Nancy M9, Billing Laurie10, Eckel Seth11, Kirley Pam Daily12, Lynfield Ruth13, Monroe Maya L14, Spencer Melanie15, Spina Nancy16, Talbot H Keipp17, Thomas Ann18, Torres Salina M19, Yousey-Hindes Kimberly20, Singleton James A21, Patel Manish1, Reed Carrie1, Fry Alicia M1, , McLean Huong Q, King Jennifer P, Nowalk Mary Patricia, Balasubramani G K, Bear Todd M, Hickey Robert, Williams John V, Reis Evelyn C, Moehling Krissy K, Eng Heather, Jackson Lisa A, Smith Michael, Raiyani Chandni, Clipper Lydia, Murthy Kempapura, Chen Wencong, Reis Michael, Petrie Joshua G, Malosh Ryan E, McSpadden E J, Segaloff Hannah E, Cheng Caroline K, Truscon Rachel, Johnson Emileigh, Lamerato Lois E, Rosenblum Bret, Ford Samantha, Johnson Monika, Raviotta Jonathan M, Sax Terrie, Steele Jonathan, Susick Michael, Chabra Rina, Garofolo Edward, Iozzi Philip, Kevish Barbara, Middleton Donald B, Urbanski Leonard, Ponder Teresa, Crumbaker Todd, Iosefo Iosefo, Sleeth Patricia, Gandy Virginia, Bounds Kelsey, Kylberg Mary, Rao Arundhati, Fader Robert, Walker Kimberley, Volz Marcus, Ray Jeremy, Price Deborah, Thomas Jennifer, Wehbe-Janek Hania, Beeram Madhava, Boyd John, Walkowiak Jamie, Probe Robert, Couchman Glen, Motakef Shahin, Arroliga Alejandro, Kaniclides Anne, Bouldin Emerson, Baker Christoph, Berke Kimberly, Smith Mackenzie, Rajesh Niharika, Alleman Elizabeth, Bauer Sarah, Groesbeck Michelle, Brundidge Kristyn, Hafeez Neha, Jackson Jayla, Anastasia Ian, Kadoo Gabriel, Petnic Sarah, Ryan Alison, Maslar Amber, Meek James, Chen Rona, Stephens Samantha, Thomas Stepy, Segler Suzanne, Openo Kyle, Fawcett Emily, Farley Monica, Martin Andrew, Ryan Patricia, Sunkel Robert, Lutich Taylor, Perlmutter Rebecca, Grace Brittany, Blood Timothy, Zerrlaut Cindy, McMahon Melissa, Strain Anna, Christensen Jamie, Angeles Kathy, Butler Lisa, Khanlian Sarah, Mansmann Robert, McMullen Chelsea, Pradhan Eva, Manzi Katarina, Felsen Christina, Gaitan Maria, Long Krista, Fisher Nicholas, Hawley Emily, O’Shaughnessy Rory, Scott Magdalena, Crawford Courtney, Schaffner William, Markus Tiffanie, Leib Karen, Dyer Katie, Santibanez Tammy, Zhai Yusheng, Lu Pengjun, Srivastav Anup, Hung Mei-Chuan
Affiliation:
1. Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 2. Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Wisconsin 3. Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple 4. University of Pittsburgh Schools of Health Sciences, Pennsylvania 5. Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle 6. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor 7. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver 8. Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Emory University, New York 9. University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 10. Ohio Department of Health, Columbus 11. Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing 12. California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland 13. Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul 14. Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore 15. Salt Lake County Health Department, Utah 16. New York State Emerging Infections Program, New York State Department of Health, Albany 17. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 18. Oregon Public Health Division, Portland 19. New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe 20. Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven 21. Immunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The severity of the 2017–2018 influenza season in the United States was high, with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominating. Here, we report influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and estimate the number of vaccine-prevented influenza-associated illnesses, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths for the 2017–2018 influenza season.
Methods
We used national age-specific estimates of 2017–2018 influenza vaccine coverage and disease burden. We estimated VE against medically attended reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction–confirmed influenza virus infection in the ambulatory setting using a test-negative design. We used a compartmental model to estimate numbers of influenza-associated outcomes prevented by vaccination.
Results
The VE against outpatient, medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31%–43%), including 22% (95% CI, 12%–31%) against influenza A(H3N2), 62% (95% CI, 50%–71%) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 50% (95% CI, 41%–57%) against influenza B. We estimated that influenza vaccination prevented 7.1 million (95% CrI, 5.4 million–9.3 million) illnesses, 3.7 million (95% CrI, 2.8 million–4.9 million) medical visits, 109 000 (95% CrI, 39 000–231 000) hospitalizations, and 8000 (95% credible interval [CrI], 1100–21 000) deaths. Vaccination prevented 10% of expected hospitalizations overall and 41% among young children (6 months–4 years).
Conclusions
Despite 38% VE, influenza vaccination reduced a substantial burden of influenza-associated illness, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States during the 2017–2018 season. Our results demonstrate the benefit of current influenza vaccination and the need for improved vaccines.
Funder
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention University of Michigan Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute Marshfield Clinic Research Institute Baylor Scott and White Healthcare University of Pittsburgh National Institutes of Health
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)
Cited by
212 articles.
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