1. VA Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research and Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and
2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor;
3. Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand;
4. Center for Quality Improvement, St Luke’s International Hospital, and
5. Department of Medicine, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
6. International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Minami Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, and