Safety and Immunogenicity of Accelerated Heterologous 2-Dose Ebola Vaccine Regimens in Adults With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa

Abstract

Abstract Background Shorter prophylactic vaccine schedules may offer more rapid protection against Ebola in resource-limited settings. Methods This randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial conducted in 5 sub-Saharan African countries included people without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWOH, n = 249) and people with HIV (PWH, n = 250). Adult participants received 1 of 2 accelerated Ebola vaccine regimens (MVA-BN-Filo, Ad26.ZEBOV administered 14 days apart [n = 79] or Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo administered 28 days apart [n = 322]) or saline/placebo (n = 98). The primary endpoints were safety (adverse events [AEs]) and immunogenicity (Ebola virus [EBOV] glycoprotein–specific binding antibody responses). Binding antibody responders were defined as participants with a >2.5-fold increase from baseline or the lower limit of quantification if negative at baseline. Results The mean age was 33.4 years, 52% of participants were female, and among PWH, the median CD4+ cell count was 560.0 (interquartile range, 418.0–752.0) cells/μL. AEs were generally mild/moderate with no vaccine-related serious AEs or remarkable safety profile differences by HIV status. At 21 days post–dose 2, EBOV glycoprotein–specific binding antibody response rates in vaccine recipients were 99% for the 14-day regimen (geometric mean concentrations [GMCs]: 5168 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units [EU]/mL in PWOH; 2509 EU/mL in PWH) and 98% for the 28-day regimen (GMCs: 6037 EU/mL in PWOH; 2939 EU/mL in PWH). At 12 months post–dose 2, GMCs in PWOH and PWH were 635 and 514 EU/mL, respectively, for the 14-day regimen and 331 and 360 EU/mL, respectively, for the 28-day regimen. Conclusions Accelerated 14- and 28-day Ebola vaccine regimens were safe and immunogenic in PWOH and PWH in Africa. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02598388.