1. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
2. Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University , 2279 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
3. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
4. Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, 100 Shih-Chun 1st road, Sam-Ming district, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan