Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Thresholds and Yield Compensation Between Soybeans with Determinate and Indeterminate Growth Habits

Abstract

Abstract Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important row crop in the United States and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is one of the most serious insect pests in this system. Economic thresholds for H. zea were developed from soybean varieties with determinate growth habits. However, southern USA farmers have recently planted more soybeans varieties with indeterminate growth habits. Trials were conducted with two determinate and two indeterminate varieties within the same relative maturity group. Levels were compared among groups with differing H. zea pressure (low, medium, high, naturally infested) and manipulated using insecticides. Our objectives were to evaluate yield compensation differences among determinate and indeterminate varieties at these different H. zea pressures and to see if the existing economic threshold should be adjusted between growth habits. Since H. zea larval populations varied across trials, we compared trials with low populations, high populations, and no population. Generally, larval counts did not differ among varieties. We found no yield differences among varieties or between growth habits, regardless of H. zea pressure. In the high population tests, yield was highest in the low population plots, but there was no compensation by the plant in yield components except in number of pods with one seed. In contrast, yield components varied widely across varieties, but these differences were independent of H. zea pressure. These results suggest the economic threshold can be used for determinate and indeterminate growth habits, but more research is needed to confirm this with a larger selection of varieties, planting dates, and maturity groups.