Genomic Analyses Reveal Association of ASIP with a Recurrently evolving Adaptive Color Pattern in Frogs

Author:

Goutte Sandra1ORCID,Hariyani Imtiyaz1,Utzinger Kole Deroy1,Bourgeois Yann2,Boissinot Stéphane1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi , Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates

2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , United Kingdom

Abstract

Abstract Traits shared among distantly related lineages are indicators of common evolutionary constraints, at the ecological, physiological, or molecular level. Here, we show that the vertebral stripe, a cryptic color pattern, has evolved hundreds of times in the evolutionary history of anurans (frogs and toads) and is favored in terrestrial habitats. Using a genome-wide association study, we demonstrate that variation near the Agouti signaling protein gene (ASIP) is responsible for the different vertebral stripe phenotypes in the African grass frog Ptychadena robeensis. RNAseq and real-time quantitative PCR revealed that differential expression of the gene and an adjacent long non-coding RNA is linked to patterning in this species. Surprisingly, and although the stripe phenotypes are shared with closely related species, we found that the P. robeensis alleles are private to the species and unlikely to evolve under long-term balancing selection, thus indicating that the vertebral stripe phenotypes result from parallel evolution within the group. Our findings demonstrate that this cryptic color pattern evolved rapidly and recurrently in terrestrial anurans, and therefore constitutes an ideal system to study repeated evolution.

Funder

NYUAD

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics,Molecular Biology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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