Evolution of the Insecticide Target Rdl in African Anopheles Is Driven by Interspecific and Interkaryotypic Introgression

Author:

Grau-Bové Xavier1,Tomlinson Sean12,O’Reilly Andrias O3,Harding Nicholas J4,Miles Alistair45,Kwiatkowski Dominic45,Donnelly Martin J15,Weetman David1,

Affiliation:

1. Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

2. Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

3. School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom

4. Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, United Kingdom

5. Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Abstract

AbstractThe evolution of insecticide resistance mechanisms in natural populations of Anopheles malaria vectors is a major public health concern across Africa. Using genome sequence data, we study the evolution of resistance mutations in the resistance to dieldrin locus (Rdl), a GABA receptor targeted by several insecticides, but most notably by the long-discontinued cyclodiene, dieldrin. The two Rdl resistance mutations (296G and 296S) spread across West and Central African Anopheles via two independent hard selective sweeps that included likely compensatory nearby mutations, and were followed by a rare combination of introgression across species (from A. gambiae and A. arabiensis to A. coluzzii) and across nonconcordant karyotypes of the 2La chromosomal inversion. Rdl resistance evolved in the 1950s as the first known adaptation to a large-scale insecticide-based intervention, but the evolutionary lessons from this system highlight contemporary and future dangers for management strategies designed to combat development of resistance in malaria vectors.

Funder

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Wellcome Trust

Medical Research Council UK

Department for International Development

Medical Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics,Molecular Biology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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