Spectrophotometric Determination of Caramel Content in Spirits Aged in Oak Casks

Author:

Boscolo Mauricio1,Andrade-Sobrinho Luiz G1,Lima-Neto Benedito S1,Franco Douglas W1,Ferreira Marcia Miguel Castro2

Affiliation:

1. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CP 780

2. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Abstract A new methodology was developed for determination of caramel in spirits aged in oak casks. The method is based on differences between the electronic spectra of oak aqueous alcoholic extracts and caramel solutions in the same solvent. The data were treated by 2 different approaches: the simplest one was based on the plot of caramel concentration versus the ratio of absorbance at 210 and 282 nm; the other was based on a partial least squares (PLS) calibration model using the first derivative of the spectral data. Both methodologies were applied to analysis of 159 aged spirit samples. The mean caramel content of several Brazilian sugar cane spirits (cachaça) and all United States whiskies was smaller than that of Scottish whiskies and other brandies from several countries. Correlation was good between caramel concentrations for the same sample calculated by the 2 methods. The uncertainties following PLS and the absorbance ratio method were 0.01 and 0.03 g/L, respectively, for a sample containing 0.45 g/L caramel. Treatment of UV-VIS spectra by pattern recognition using hierarchical clustering analysis and principal components analysis allowed discrimination of the samples as a function of their caramel content. It was possible to distinguish U.S. whiskies from other whiskies, but a clear differentiation among Brazilian cachaças as a function of their geographic origin was not feasible. Small caramel quantities as low as 0.08 g/L were clearly detected by these methodologies.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Pharmacology,Agronomy and Crop Science,Environmental Chemistry,Food Science,Analytical Chemistry

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