Conflict Between the Sexes

Abstract

Abstract Males and females differ in the size of gametes they produce. This difference is often magnified by a host of other differences that arise between the sexes. These dissimilarities mean males and females are under different selective forces when optimizing their fitness. Typically, gene-promoting tactics employed by one sex conflict with the other. Genetically, this conflict can occur at the same or different gene loci. For example, it may be better for one sex to be larger than the other and, assuming that the same genes in both sexes determine body size, a genetic conflict can arise. No interaction between the sexes is necessary for intrasexual conflict to occur. Interlocus conflict happens when the interaction between males and females benefits one while is costly or detrimental to the other. Nuptial gifts, copulatory plugs, forced copulation, genitalia anatomy, mate guarding, biparental care, and other reproductive accessories and tactics are provided as examples of sexual conflict.