1. Departments of Community Medicine, Bayero University, PMB 3011 Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
2. Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Bayero University, PMB 3011 Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
3. Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bayero University, PMB 3011 Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
4. International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Maina Court, Plot 252, Abuja, Nigeria
5. Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
6. Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 725, Nashville, TN 37203, USA