1. Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases , Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
2. National Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 30377, Lilongwe 3 , Malawi
3. Lancaster Medical School, South West Drive, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4ZP , UK
4. Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF , UK