Mucosal immune responses in COVID19 - a living review
Author:
Pearson Claire F1, Jeffery Rebecca1, Ahern David J, Almuttaqi Hannah, Alonzi Dominic S, Alrubayyi Aljawharah, Alsaleh Ghada, Bart Valentina M T, Batchelor Vicky, Bayliss Rebecca, Berthold Dorothée L, Bezbradica Jelena S, Bharuchq Tehmina, Borrmann Helene, Borsa Mariana, Borst Rowie, Brun Juliane, Burnell Stephanie, Capitani Lorenzo, Cavounidis Athena, Chapman Lucy, Chauveau Anne, Cifuentes Liliana, Codd Amy Susan, Compeer Ewoud Bernardus, Coveney Clarissa, Cross Amy, Danielli Sara, Davies Luke C, Dendrou Calliope A, Dimonte Sandra, Peter Durairaj Ruban Rex, Dustin Lynn B, Dyer Arthur, Fielding Ceri, Fischer Fabian, Gallimore Awen, Galloway Sarah, Gammage Anís, Gea-Mallorquí Ester, Godkin Andrew, Hanna Stephanie Jean, Heuberger Cornelia, Hulin-Curtis Sarah, Issa Fadi, Jones Emma, Jones Ruth, Ladell Kristin, Lauder Sarah N, Liddiard Kate, Ligoxygakis Petros, Lu Fangfang, MacLachlan Bruce, Maleki-Toyserkani Shayda, Mann Elizabeth H, Marzeda Anna M, Matthews Reginald James, Mazet Julie M, Milicic Anita, Mitchell Emma, Moon Owen, Nguyen Van Dien, O'Hanlon Miriam, Pavillet Clara Eléonore, Peppa Dimitra, Pires Ana, Pring Eleanor, Quastel Max, Reed Sophie, Rehwinkel Jan, Richmond Niamh, Richter Felix Clemens, Robinson Alice J B, Rodrigues Patrícia R S, Sabberwal Pragati, Sami Arvind, Peres Raphael Sanches, Sattentau Quentin, Schonfeldova Barbora, Scourfield David Oliver, Selvakumar Tharini A, Shepherd Freya R, Shorten Cariad, Simon Anna Katharina, Smith Adrian L, Crespo Alicia Teijeira, Tellier Michael, Thornton Emily, Uhl Lion F K, van Grinsven Erinke, Wann Angus K T, Williams Richard, Wilson Joseph D, Zhou Dingxi, Zhu Zihan, Thornton Emily E12ORCID,
Affiliation:
1. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK 2. MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
Abstract
Abstract
COVID-19 was initially characterized as a disease primarily of the lungs, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the SARS-CoV2 virus is able to infect many organs and cause a broad pathological response. The primary infection site is likely to be a mucosal surface, mainly the lungs or the intestine, where epithelial cells can be infected with virus. Although it is clear that virus within the lungs can cause severe pathology, driven by an exaggerated immune response, infection within the intestine generally seems to cause minor or no symptoms. In this review, we compare the disease processes between the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, and what might drive these different responses. As the microbiome is a key part of mucosal barrier sites, we also consider the effect that microbial species may play on infection and the subsequent immune responses. Because of difficulties obtaining tissue samples, there are currently few studies focused on the local mucosal response rather than the systemic response, but understanding the local immune response will become increasingly important for understanding the mechanisms of disease in order to develop better treatments.
Funder
Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Medical Research Council Wellcome Trust
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science
Cited by
15 articles.
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