A chromosome-level genome assembly provides insights into the local adaptation of Tamarix austromongolica in the Yellow River Basin, China

Author:

Gong Shuai1ORCID,Gan Honghao1ORCID,Chu Jianmin12,Wang Zhaoshan1,Sun Jia1

Affiliation:

1. Coastal Forestry Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing 100091, PR China

2. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Dengkou 015200, PR China

Abstract

Abstract Tamarix austromongolica is endemic to the Yellow River Basin and has adapted to diverse ecological settings in the region, including the arid areas of northwestern China and the saline soil regions of the Yellow River Delta. However, the genetic basis of its local adaptation remains unclear. We report a chromosome-level assembly of the T. austromongolica genome based on PacBio high-fidelity sequencing and Hi-C technology. The 12 pseudochromosomes cover 98.44% of the 1.32 Gb assembly, with a contig N50 of 52.57 Mb and a BUSCO score of 98.2%. The genome comprises 913.6 Mb (68.83%) of repetitive sequences and 22,374 protein-coding genes. Genome evolution analyses suggest that genes under positive selection and significantly expanded gene families have facilitated T. austromongolica’s adaptability to diverse environmental factors and high resistance to diseases. Using genotyping-by-sequencing, we conducted population structure and selection analyses of 114 samples from 15 sites. Two genetic groups were identified, and 114 and 289 candidate genes were assigned to the populations of the northwestern and eastern parts of the Yellow River, respectively. Furthermore, we discovered numerous candidate genes associated with high-altitude adaptability and salt tolerance. This research provides valuable genomic resources for the evolutionary study and genetic breeding of tamarisk.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Fundamental Research Funds of CAF

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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