Genome sequence and salinity adaptation of the desert shrub Nitraria sibirica (Nitrariaceae, Sapindales)

Author:

Ma Xiaohui1,Ru Dafu1,Morales-Briones Diego F2ORCID,Mei Fengyuan1,Wu Jingjing1,Liu Jianquan1,Wu Shengdan1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China

2. Princess Therese von Bayern Chair of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich , Germany

Abstract

Abstract The genetic bases of halophytes for salinity tolerance are crucial for genetically breeding salt-tolerant crops. All natural Nitrariaceae species that exclusively occur in arid environments are highly tolerant to salt stress, but the underlying genomic bases to this adaptation remain unknown. Here we present a high-quality, chromosome-level genome sequence of Nitraria sibirica, with an assembled size of 456.66 Mb and 23,365 annotated genes. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed N. sibirica as the sister to all other sampled representatives from other families in Sapindales, and no lineage-specific whole-genome duplication was found except the gamma triplication event. Still, we found that the genes involved in K+ retention, energy supply, and Fe absorption expanded greatly in N. sibirica. Deep transcriptome analyses showed that leaf photosynthesis and cuticular wax formation in roots were enhanced under salt treatments. Furthermore, many transcription factors involved in salt tolerance changed their expressions significantly and displayed tissue- and concentration-dependent signalling in response to salt stress. Additionally, we found vacuolar Na+ compartmentalization is an ongoing process under salt treatment, while Na+ exclusion tends to function at high salt concentrations. These genomic and transcriptomic changes conferred salt tolerance in N. sibirica and pave the way for the future breeding of salt-tolerant crops.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics,Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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