Incidence and survival of primary central nervous system tumors diagnosed in 4 Canadian provinces from 2010 to 2015

Abstract

Abstract Background The Brain Tumor Registry of Canada was established in 2016 to enhance infrastructure for surveillance and clinical research on Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. We present information on primary CNS tumors diagnosed among residents of Canada from 2010 to 2015. Methods Data from 4 provincial cancer registries were analyzed representing approximately 67% of the Canadian population. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the 2011 Canadian population age distribution. Net survival was estimated using the Pohar-Perme method. Results A total of 31 644 primary tumors were identified for an ASIR of 22.8 per 100 000 person-years. Nonmalignant tumors made up 47.1% of all classified tumors, with mixed behaviors present in over half of histology groupings. Unclassified were 19.5% of all tumors. The most common histological subtypes are meningiomas (ASIR = 5.5 per 100 000 person-years); followed by glioblastomas (ASIR 4.0 per 100 000 person-years). The overall 5-year net survival rate for CNS tumors was 65.5%; females 70.2% and males 60.4%. GBMs continue to be the most lethal CNS tumors for all sex and age groups. Conclusions The low annual frequency of most CNS tumor subtypes emphasizes the value of population-based data on all primary CNS tumors diagnosed among Canadians. The large number of histological categories including mixed behaviors and the proportion of unclassified tumors emphasizes the need for complete reporting. Variation in incidence and survival across histological groups by sex and age highlights the need for comprehensive and histology-specific reporting. These data can be used to better inform research and health system planning.