Progression of Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) Dieback and Mortality in the Southeastern United States

Author:

Poole Emilee M1ORCID,Ulyshen Michael D2,Horn Scott2ORCID,Anderson Patrick3,Bates Chip4,Barnes Chris5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

2. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, USA

3. Rainbow Treecare Scientific Advancements, Minnetonka, MN, USA

4. Georgia Forestry Commission, Statesboro, GA, USA

5. Georgia Forestry Commission, Dry Branch, GA, USA

Abstract

Abstract The southeastern United States has been experiencing unexplained sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) mortality for over a decade, representing one of the most severe and widespread Celtis mortality episodes ever reported from North America. Here we describe external symptoms, progression of mortality, and the known geographic extent of the problem. More than half of all trees monitored at one site within the affected area died over five years of observation. Although many trees died within a year of first exhibiting symptoms (e.g., small yellow leaves, branch dieback, premature leaf fall), many others continued living for years after becoming symptomatic. A preliminary insecticide trial found no improvements in survivorship among trees treated with insecticides, emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid, relative to control trees. Our findings suggest the problem will likely continue and become more widespread in the coming years.

Funder

Forest Health Protection’s Evaluation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Forestry

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